Dear Dr. John,

Our ten-year-old spayed female Lab just had her annual physical exam and shots. We were told that she has a condition called gingival hyperplasia. She has these puffy swollen gums and some tartar and plaque starting to build up as well. We discussed doing a dentistry, but I asked if there was anything that we could do to reverse or get rid of those swollen gums. Should we be concerned and why did this develop now? Luckily, her bloodwork was all within normal limits and we will proceed with the dentistry in the next few months. Is this common for the breed since none of our Labs previously ever had this? C.G.

Dear C.G.,

The breeds most commonly affected with this condition are Boxers and Bulldogs, although Retrievers are also susceptible, but I have not commonly seen it in your dog’s breed. The most common cause is genetic but certain medications have also been implicated. A buildup of tartar and plaque can also lead to reaction by the gums to grow in excess.

It is probably now being seen for the first time, regardless of cause, due to oral changes and your dog’s age. The problem with gingival hyperplasia is the redundant pockets of gum tissue that are created and that can trap bacteria and particulate matter. This in turn can lead to bad breath, infection, discomfort, and tooth decay. When the gums actually grow down to engulf the teeth, a surgery called gingivectomy is often called for to re-expose the teeth. If any of the drugs that are seen as possible causes are being used, they might also be discontinued if safe to do so.

I would not be too concerned at this time otherwise your veterinarian might have already suggested surgical resection of the hyperplastic gingiva. My guess is that what is there now is in the early stages and preventative care might be able to slow down the progression of the gingival proliferation. This will include brushing the teeth and gums on a regular basis going forward. Good luck!

Dr. John de Jong is President of the World Veterinary Association. He owns and operates the Boston Mobile Veterinary Clinic and can be reached at 781-899-9994.